At Cold Palace Lives A Fish

213 nccu0712
nccu0712wang01
"Learn from Mistakes"
Submitted: June 02, 2008, 04:48:56 PM CST
Score: 4 out of 6

Question:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

People always learn from their mistakes.

Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.


Essay:
Making mistakes make us grow

As a proverb goes: "Failure is the mother of success." Since we are still children we know little about everything. Therefore, we dare to try new things untill we are scolded or punished. From the moment we are told that we have made a mistake we realize what the better ways are to behave ourselves. That is how we learn from errors.

The other days, I had a fight with my sister, Lipyn. I just could not bare her anymore. Because we live in one room, we share clothes. Lipyn has a habit to do the laundry on weekend while I don't insist on washing clothes on that certain day. When she takes clothing to the washing machine I do my own business. Which really drives her crazy. She thinks that I never care about things we share; but, I would like to plan MY schedule!! Then, we find out that we both are not completely right and apologize to each other.

I figure out that I have to tell her my feeling at the right time. I should not have stood her for this long so I lose my temper, shout at her. Instead, I have to think of one way to express myself in a proper way in order she understands me. Otherwise, we will still have quarrels. So as Lipyn, she gets the picture that she ought to try new ways to get along with me, who has her own ideas and plans.

Making mistakes make me and Lipyn grow. We are not good at living with another person; therefore we have incorrect ways to communicate with each other: silence. Nevertheless, after the conflict I have a new idea to get together with Lipyn. That is "interaction."

Instructor notes:

Comments:

213 nccu0712
nccu0712wang01
"Resources Disappearing"
Submitted: June 05, 2008, 09:57:22 PM CST
Score: 5 out of 6

Question:
Many parts of the world are losing important natural resources, such as forests, animals, or clean water. Choose one resource that is disappearing and explain why it needs to be saved. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.


Essay:
Best way to cure our damaged lung

On the earth, there is 30% land and 70% water which seems interesting that we, human beings have so few lands but a lot of water. However, the ratio of land and water helps a lot to keep our climate balance. Nowadays, in order to make our life more convenient we are destroying the perfect proportion and consuming too many forests called "lung of the earth."

Due to hewing too many trees down to burn, to make houses, to produce papers the climate is changing to another type. Trees do photosynthesis so bring in oxygen but deplete carbon dioxide. We are in need of oxygen so when the oxyen become less and the carbon dioxide is more we are in danger not only personally but environmentally.

"Greenhouse effect" has appeared when we consume too many resources, like forests and petroleum. Because the carbon dioxide is too much for our earth to digest some of that has stayed in our planet. The temperature turns higher and higer so the glacier melt in an abnormally fast speed and then sea level becomes higer as well. Once sea level is higher those islands are possibly disapearing on the map.

We should save as more as forests. Because for human beings, it is no possibility to live in water; it is better to live at an appropriate temperature; it is extremely important to keep our lungs clean, healthy why should not we take action to keep trees grow and plant more of them? Those are best ways to cure our damaged lungs! Start now!


Instructor notes:

Comments:

213 nccu0712
nccu0712wang01
"Why Study Abroad?"
Submitted: June 06, 2008, 10:55:20 AM CST
Score: 6 out of 6

Question:
Many students choose to attend schools or universities outside their home countries. Why do some students study abroad? Use specific reasons and details to explain your answer.


Essay:
My experience studying in Moscow influences me very much

Studying, living in a different country for a period is a good way to deeply understand the culture of the exact nation. When I studied in Moscow I started a new life there as a real Moscow resident. To go to the theater, to eat a lot of potatoes, to go skating, to have a picnic, to visit St. Peterburg and Egypt are all my habits, experiences there. Therefore, I have gotten to know what people living in Moscow do in leisure time. Except for those, they may do nothing else in winter because the weather is freezing lasting for about 6 months. On my points of view, it is extremely boring to stay at home for 6 months each year; however, to locals, the weather does not bother them at all.

Rather than thinking on our own, seeing issues on a variant view is more than importance. A German friend had asked me, "what is the difference between you Taiwan and mainland China?" On account of never considering this before, I was stunned and could not think of any words to specifically describe our distinction. Since then, I figured out that there can be other views toward one minor thing in many people's eyes. As a result, making friends from other countries and treating their ideas more open-minded can not be overemphasized. Moreover, we are living in an ever-changing world; consequently, it is better that we know tips to adapt to dissimilarity because we may someday work with people from other countries.

It has become almost essential to get a degree in another country. Like an international trend, students fly far away to other countries to attend schools. In this global village, along with the coming of "knowledge outburst era" we are not only working with but competing with people from all of the world. If we miss the information it is likely that we will miss the chance to get a better job, that we might not have the common topics with friends or people around you. Therefore, knowing ways to attain fresh knowleges on variant coutries' platforms is as well as a big subject to take right now. After all, none of us is willing to fall behind one another, inside or ouside our countries.

From my experience studying outside my country, I would like to say that studying abroad never does us bad. It enables us to realize more cultures, learn the advantages and avoid disadvantage of theirs; it makes our and others' diverse points resonalbe because we acquire a variety of notions to one issue; it empowers us to be hard to defeat so that we possess strengths to get promoted. Thence, those three items tells why so many students accept education in other countries and why it is so important to study abroad.

Instructor notes:

Comments:

213 nccu0712
nccu0712wang01
"Team Building (business)"
Submitted: May 30, 2008, 10:06:34 AM CST
Score: 3 out of 6

Question:
Some managers believe it is important for employees working toward a common goal to feel bonded to each other so they can work well as a team. Many programs and activities exist to foster such relationships. Is the team mentality a crucial factor in a group's success? Are team-building activities good for employees, or are they unnecessary or perhaps even detrimental? Explain your position with reasons and examples from your own experience, observations, or reading.

Essay:

Team building is always important to me. Personally, I love to share feelings with others and listen to them. In that way, I feel like whatever bad things have happened to me I will be fine by my partners' supports; and I will know what to do next. For a team development, I think team building is essential as well. Once every member has the common goal to reach they are like a cannon rather than merely a bullet.

In order to shoot a cannon, many have to work together. Except shooting, they have a lot of tasks to take. For instance, they need to choose one as a leader so that each of them will know what to do. Otherwise, though they have a lot of labors they will easily ruin everything: while A has done that B doesn't konw and plans to do that too. Which is really a big waste of labor. The leader integrates themselves and makes the team run effectively.

Conflicts happen sometimes. Each of the team may have the same goal to achieve but the approaches they have might be different. For example, to have a cannon A insists to make it on their own; however, B intends to pay for others to have the cannon done. At this time, leader plays a non-replaceable role. The leader has to think about which means is the best for the team and listen to his fellows' opinions. Though it may take a lot of time listening to fellows it is always valuable for it not only solves the problem but also make members more bonded.

Team building certainly helps a team move on and on. We have people from different fields, of various backgrounds but having the same target.





Instructor notes:

Comments:

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

Your writing is a mix of strengths and weaknesses. Working to improve your writing will definitely earn you more satisfactory results because your writing shows promise.

In one or more of the following areas, your essay needs improvement. Your essay:

Neglects or misinterprets important parts of the topic or task
Lacks focus or is simplistic or confused in interpretation
Is not organized or developed carefully from point to point
Provides examples without explanation, or generalizations without completely supporting them
Uses mostly simple sentences or language that does not serve your meaning
Demonstrates errors in grammar, usage, or sentence structure

213 nccu0712
nccu0712wang01
"Young People Teaching Old"
Submitted: May 30, 2008, 11:40:41 AM CST
Score: 4 out of 6

Category: Organization & Development
Type: Introductory Material

Question:
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

There is nothing that young people can teach older people.

Use specific reasons and examples to support your position.


Essay:
Young people activate

I don't assume that young people can teach older people nothing. Take I and my Grandma as an example. Because she didn't accept education before, she barely recognizes words. When she doesn't know how often she has to take the medicine I can tell her how. Also, I know that she relies on me pretty much.

Rather than teaching, I would like to say that young people "activate" things. Compared with the young, older people are more conservative. They are afraid to take a risk, try new things or unable to learn new things fast. My parents never think the political party which they don't support is doing the right thing. In my point of view, they're doing a right thing. Therefore, I tried challenging them: "Why they're doing incorrectly?" They were surprised but didn't know how to answer. Maybe, I just made them start to think from the other side by asking a question.

While young people doubt older people get used to agreeing on almost everything. Due to the tradition morale, they dare not to be out of discpline; and thus they lose chances to think BIG. I think that there is something young people can teach older ones. That is "Think Big."




------------------------------------------------------------------------

A typical essay at this level:

addresses the writing topic adequately but may slight parts of the task
is adequately organized and developed
uses some details to support a thesis or illustrate an idea
demonstrates adequate but possibly inconsistent facility with syntax and usage
may contain some errors that occasionally obscure meaning

來個簡單的昨日流水席好了


昨天早上我很感性的在另外一個地方寫了三篇網誌

因為我的好友最近廣電系要畢展了 我看到他的作品預告

感覺我們真的都長大了 彼此朝著自己目標前進 努力的邁出或大或小的一步

思想上面 也越來越不同了 甚至 我有點不知道自己到底是誰

本我跟主我之間的戰火 永遠都滅不了

我跟他從國小同校到大學 所以成長背景很相似 生活圈也很相近

所以看到他的作品的時候 不由的 也心有戚戚焉了起來

於是常常用左腦思考的我 再度被左腦主宰了一切 洋洋灑灑的寫了三篇

我想 我的右腦應該會常常感嘆自己沒用吧 哈



晚些時候

大約下午三點的時候我跟我娘去瑞光會館(創價佛學會)的人性變革展

就是在告訴大家暴力有多麼的險惡 即便是貧窮也是一種暴力

讓人暴露於無遮蔽 保護的環境之下 輕易的就挨餓 受傷

我娘說 看到在充滿垃圾 廢棄物的河川打撈可食用的東西的孩子時

他都會感嘆彼此的差異

當我們吃不完便當時 我們輕易的丟棄剩餘的飯菜

當我們上完洗手間時 我們輕易的按下抽馬桶的按鍵

當我們洗衣服的時候 我們輕易的放出白花花的水柱

我們享受生活的同時 他們在受罪

沒有食物 沒有飲用水 沒有衣服

可是這些感嘆到底能帶來些什麼呢?

我老是在想 這一整個星期各大新聞媒體的頭條大多是四川地震的後續消息

新聞媒體到底是想要傳達什麼給我們?

心疼?恐懼?同情?還是其他?

我有點不懂

如果是要給恐懼的話 我想他們達到目的了

今天我在看某家報紙時 我看到了一位女孩正被迫截肢的照片

女孩臉色蒼白 只能任由好多人好多手擺弄

數位像是醫生的人無不在他小小的腿上動刀

把皎潔的小腿截斷 留下孤單的上段腿

看到那畫面 我感到有些恐懼 這喚起我921的回憶

還有一些不愉快的記憶

同時 我心疼那位少女 心疼已確定死亡或是還未被發現的屍體

稍早些 我在看早晨新聞時 又看到了一位媽媽去災區認小孩屍體的畫面

媽媽衝進暫時放置屍體的棚子時 雙手著急的一一掀開覆蓋在臉上的外套

想要趕緊看到自己的孩子 掀到第二還是三個的時候

他哭喪著臉 放聲大哭 悲悽的哭喊著:我的女兒啊!!! 接著大哭不止...

這樣的新聞畫面 到底想要帶給我們什麼?

心有戚戚焉 所以更加善待自己的子女 更加珍惜身邊的親友?


坦白說 我認為四川的報導太多了

我不是不關心四川 我希望四川可以很快振作起來

可是如果我們能做的就只是一昧的接收這些令人鼻酸的消息

我個人認為 那是無謂的傷心

台灣的媒體可以發揮的更大力量應該是招集大家一起募款

救助四川復建並且監督這筆捐款確實實質上的幫助災民的復建吧

或許我這樣說來太過輕鬆簡單

可是我不認為近一星期(我認為會超過一星期)暴露在四川的悲情新聞中

台灣的人民會多有希望 四川的災民會多安慰

要求和平 訴求希望 企圖塑造熱心助人的形象 那就拿出實質的幫助吧

慈濟 法鼓山 台灣搜救隊都已經在實質付出勞力協助

台塑 鴻海 還有眾家藝人也紛紛盡一己之力在金錢上給予援助

這都是很正面的作法

也是實踐和平助人的良善示範


居然拉哩拉雜的說了這麼多

哈

後來我跟Ms.呆呆在中山站會合

兩人去吃味千拉麵 好食!!!

接著我們去依蝶逛 說要轉讓給新光了 所以會打折

可我昨天去看 也沒便宜多少耶

本人如果不是在作夢的話

暑假過後確實會去台南唸書

所以我就在想啊

我到底要不要買車呢

很多人都說 南部大眾交通工具比較不發達

大部分的人都使用私人運具通勤

那我到底要不要買車啊?

還是成大周邊的機能良好 所以鐵馬也可以通行天下呢?

二，美加地區

美國
The University of Kentucky, Lexington, U.S.A. (肯塔基大學) 1974/05/18
The University of Arizona,Tucson (亞利桑那大學) 1976/01/19
The University of Southern California (南加州大學 ) 1976/10/19

The University of California (加州大學 ) 1977/04/13

The University of Alaska Fairbanks (阿拉斯加大學 ) 1979/10/15

San Jose State University (聖荷西州立大學) 1981/01/06
The University of Alabama in Birmingham (伯明罕阿拉巴馬大學) 1982/01/18
The George Washington University (喬治華盛頓大學 ) 1982/04/15
Pepperdine University, Malibu (沛普丹大學) 1983/07/01
The University of Missouri-Rolla (密蘇里大學) 1985/07/09
The University of Tennessee (田納西大學 ) 1985/07/10

The University of Oklahoma (奧克拉荷馬大學) 1986/06/21
Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (南伊利諾大學) 1987/09/02
Drexel University (爵碩大學 ) 1988/05/23

San Diego State University (聖地牙哥州立大學) 1989/09/01
University of Delaware (德瓦拉大學 ) 1989/09/05

University of Cincinnati (辛辛那提大學) 1989/10/05
Texas A&M University (德州農工大學) 2001/06/25
Trinity University (三一大學) 2002/12/31
The University of Mississippi (密西西比大學) 2003/06/04
Case Western Reserve University (凱斯西儲大學)(有 跨國雙學位計畫) 2004/12/23
The University of Georgia (喬治亞大學) 2005/06/20
Auburn University (奧本大學) 2005/07/07

Polytechnic University(紐約科技大學) 2006/07/13







二、美加地區

Southern Illinois University at Carbondale (南伊利諾大學) 工學院 1987/09/02
Faculty of Business, University of Victoria (加拿大維多利亞大學商學院) 管理學院 1988/07/08
The Harvard School of Public Health (哈佛大學公共衛生學院) NOT YET 全校 1992/05/13
College of Engineering, University of South Florida (南佛羅里達大學) 工學院 1993/03/25
Tulane University School of Medicine (杜蘭大學醫學院) 醫學院 1998/03/20
School of Engineering, The University of Kansas (堪薩斯大學工學院) 工學院 2000/01/06
The University of Mississippi Medical Center (密西西比大學醫學中心) 全校 2003/06/14
College of Engineering,California Polytechnic State University (加州理工州立大學) 工學院 2004/01/01
McMaster University (麥瑪斯達大學) 管理學院 2005/02/02
DeGroote School of Business,McMaster University, Hamilton,Ontario (邁克麥斯特大學商學院) 管理學院 2005/02/02
The Methodist Hospital (美以美醫院) 醫學院 2005/04/25
College of Engineering, The University of Washington , Seattle, Washington (華盛頓大學工學院) 工學院
電資學院 2005/05/10
The University of Georgia (喬治亞大學) 醫學院 2005/06/20
College of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale (南伊利諾大學卡本德爾校區工學院) 工學院 2005/06/28
College of business and administration, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale (南伊利諾大學卡本德爾校區管理學院) 管理學院 2005/09/30
College of Engineering,California Polytechnic State University (加州州立大學普莫那分校) 工學院
電資學院
研究總中心 2006/07/01
College of Engineering,Cornell University, Ithaca, NY (康乃爾大學) 電資學院
2006/12/15

今天我姐去看信箱

回來的時候就跟我說 我有一封成大的信

我覺得很奇怪 因為我已經收到成績單了啊

為什麼還有東西要給我

我媽一直在旁邊叫:啊~~是不是要叫妳去唸書啊?

(我根本不敢這樣想...)

我從容不迫的緩緩打開信封

心裡面有很多兩三個月前該有的期待 早就不再了

打開之後 裡面有一張紙 上頭實實在在寫著:

國立成功大學97學年度碩士班研究生甄試綠取通知

(哦~~我真的上了啊...)

真難以相信 但是我明天還是會記得去報到的


要感謝的人真的很多

也很感謝老天爺 一片苦心 讓我更懂得珍惜自己努力爭取來的一切

也謝謝放棄的曾同學 讓我遞補上

相信妳有自己更喜歡的選擇 我也祝福妳

還有備取榜上的所有遺珠 千萬不要妄自菲薄!!

謝謝大家 我會更加努力的!!

攻讀MBA學位是近年來留學美國最熱門的領域之一，本次講座將從多個角度來介紹美國的MBA，包括申請的資格，誰適合申請，學校挑選學生的方式，女生的優勢，何謂concentration，MBA與MS的差別等，歡迎對MBA有興趣的同學踴躍參加。(本次內容亦將於1月26日在高雄市立圖書館寶珠分館介紹，歡迎南部同學參加)　
　
◎地點：學術交流基金會美國教育資訊中心　
◎時間：1月31日（四）下午5:30至6:30


按:
學術交流基金會地址：台北市中正區延平南路45號3F
留學諮詢專線：(02)2388-7600 (02)2388-2100
留學諮詢信箱：ustudy@ustudy.org

2004年全美各校MBA排行榜 （2003.10/ 富比世雜誌）


－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－－


排名　學校　　　　　　　　　　　　　排名　　學校


1.　　Harvard 　　　　　　　　　　　　26.　　Iowa (Tippie)


2.　　Columbia 　　　　　　　　　　　 27.　　Rice (Jones)


3.　　Chicago 　　　　　　　　　　　 28.　　Wake Forest (Babcock)


4.　　Dartmouth　　　　　　　　　　　 29.　　Georgia Tech (DuPree)


5.　　Yale　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 30.　　USC (Marshall)


6.　　Pennsylvania　　　　　 　　　　　31.　　Minnesota (Carlson)


7.　　Stanford　　　　　　　 　　　　　32.　　Texas A&M (Mays)


8.　　UNC(Kenan-Flagler)　　 　　　　　33.　　Tulane (Freeman)


9.　　Northwestern(Kellogg)　　　　　　 34.　　Penn State (Smeal)


10.　　Virginia (Darden)　　　　　　　　35.　　Indiana (Kelley)


11.　　Cornell (Johnson)　　　　　　　　36.　　SMU (Cox)


12.　　Washington U.–St. Louis(Olin)　　 37.　　Purdue (Krannert)


13.　　NYU (Stern)　　　　　　　　　　38.　　Wiconsin-Madison


14.　　UCLA (Anderson)　　　　　　　 39.　　Illinois-Urbana-Champaign


15.　　MIT (Sloan)　　　　　　　　　　 40.　　Notre Dame (Mendoza)


16.　　Texas-Austin (McCombs)　　　　　41.　　Rochester (Simon)


17.　　Brigham Young (Marriott)　　　　 42.　　Michigan State (Broad)


18.　　Emory (Goizueta)　　　 　　　　 43.　　Arizona State (Carey)


19.　　Carnegie Mellon　　　　　　　　 44.　　South Carolina (Moore)


20.　　Michigan　　　　　　　 　　　 45.　　Arizona (Eller)


21.　　UC-Berkeley (Haas)　　 　　　　 46.　　Alabama (Manderson)


22.　　Duke (Fuqua)　　　　　 　　　　 47.　　Georgia (Terry)


23.　　William & Mary　　　　 　　　　 48.　　Connecticut


24.　　Georgetown (McDonough) 　　　　49.　　University of Washington


25.　　Vanderbilt (Owen)　　　　　　　 50.　　Florida (Warrington)


　

忙了好久
也花很久的時間修復
我想 我需要的是嚴厲吧
對自己嚴厲的勇氣

現在證明了
可以證明自己能力的資料
實在太少了
或許在有機會的時候
該要來充實自己一番了

成大應該就是會備到三吧
剛剛好就在備四的我之前止住了遞補
沒有很驚訝
因為之前自己就有在查這些資料了

淡淡的哀傷是有
不過更應該勇敢的走下去吧
最起碼我的徒弟是這樣跟我說的...

自從上大學的那個暑假考到重機駕照之後

我就沒有上路過

剛剛因為陪我媽媽去牽車

所以幫她把舊車牽回來

我就騎了一百公尺的路回家

好好玩哦!!!

哈哈XD

轉自 http://libdlm.lib.ntu.edu.tw/cpedia/Content.asp?ID=77774

義大利畫家。生於皮耶韋-迪卡多雷﹐1576年8月27日卒於威尼斯。
生平 提香9歲赴威尼斯學藝﹐1510年以後獨立工作﹐曾受業於G.貝利尼﹐青年時期一度與喬爾喬涅緊密合作﹐喬爾喬涅死後即成為威尼斯畫派領袖﹐在文藝復興畫壇活動60餘年﹐作品遍及西歐各國﹐以絢麗色彩和健美造型樹立了新的藝術典型﹐可與米開朗琪羅﹑拉斐爾等為首的佛羅倫薩藝術傳統爭雄﹐對西方藝術影響極為深遠。他的作品之豐富在文藝復興美術家中堪稱獨步。提香1516年被威尼斯政府任命為官方畫家﹐1530年受德國皇帝查理五世接見﹐此後一直為哈布斯堡王朝作畫﹐並被授予伯爵榮銜。1545～1546年遊學羅馬﹐與米開朗琪羅等會晤﹐獲羅馬榮譽公民稱號。1548～1551年間兩度赴德國奧格斯堡工作。終其一生﹐主要活動地點始終是威尼斯﹐他的色彩輝煌的畫幅也最充分體現了威尼斯市民階級的生活理想和文藝復興的時代精神。
早期創作 提香在1510～1520年間的作品可歸入早期創作階段。其特點是在喬爾喬涅風格影響下逐漸形成了他自己的風格。現存提香的最早作品可舉《田野合奏》(約1510)。這幅畫以前一般認為是喬爾喬涅之作﹐現則公認出自提香之手。此畫表現兩青年於田野間奏樂﹐兩仙女伴隨左右﹐背景山林古道的描繪極為出色﹐詩意的題旨和風景的描寫都有喬爾喬涅之風﹐但人物形像略顯粗樸壯健﹐則是提香個人的特色。它很清楚地表明提香雖在喬爾喬涅影響下﹐卻一開始即有自己的新創。他個人風格趨於成熟的第一個代表作是《神聖與世俗之愛》(1512～1515)﹐表現象徵聖俗兩種愛情的兩位女性分別居畫幅兩邊﹐背景山水亦各有差異﹐神聖之愛(左邊)背景為丘陵寨堡﹐世俗之愛背景則為湖濱城鎮﹐但彼此皆和前景的泉石樹木相連。象徵的兩女性刻畫極為出色﹕神聖的愛表現為一衣著整肅的婦女﹐世俗的愛則為裸體女郎﹐她們彼此各倚踞圖中央古典石棺式水池的兩邊﹐形成鮮明的對比。裸體女郎的形像健康美麗﹐光彩照人﹐被譽為文藝復興藝術中表現女性美理想的最佳作。另一幅《酒神節》﹐風景描繪和人物形像含蓄而又富於詩意的安排﹐還帶有喬爾喬涅的遺風﹐但是提香用色絢麗和以暖色為基調的特點卻表明他已更傑出地掌握了油畫技巧﹐這一新穎的表現手段極能適應他那生機盎然的健美造型的要求﹐從而創造出一系列在內容和形式上高度和諧的盛期文藝復興的藝術典型。
《納稅錢》
《酒神節》
此後﹐提香的傑作不斷出現。祭壇畫有威尼斯弗拉里教堂的《聖母昇天》(1516～1518)。這是一幅高 6.9米﹐寬3.6米的巨構﹐以地上的聖徒群眾﹑雲中昇天的聖母和天頂的上帝分列下中上 3段﹐上帝自由翱翔的形像和雲層的環形構圖可能吸收了米開朗琪羅和拉斐爾的風格﹐但色彩的富麗和人物的生動有力則完全是提香的本色。畫中凌空而起的聖母以及地上目睹奇蹟感到無比驚異的聖徒的形像﹐在表現強烈的運動﹑力量和雄偉的體魄方面﹐不僅可以和米開朗琪羅媲美﹐而且為威尼斯畫派開拓了全新的領域﹐因此此畫早在16世紀就被譽為“近代第一傑作”。以古典神話為題材的代表作則有1518～1524年間為費拉拉公爵製作的一組油畫﹕《維納斯的崇拜》﹑《安德里亞人的酒宴》和《巴科斯與阿里阿德涅》。第 1幅表現許多小愛神(帶翅的嬰孩)在維納斯雕像下嬉戲飲食的情景﹐第2幅描繪安德里亞島上的人發現了水泉湧出美酒的奇蹟故事﹐第3幅則表現酒神巴科斯和他的情人阿里阿德涅林中邂逅之事。每一幅畫都有優美的山水風景陪襯﹐人物生動﹑情緒熱烈和體態健美更屬前所未見。提香這時期的傑作還包括一些肖像畫和人物畫﹐例如《帶手套的青年》(1520～1522)和《蒼神》(1516)。前者是一佚名貴族的肖像﹐後者則是藉古典女神之名而創作的婦女像﹐兩畫在寫真傳神上皆得其妙﹐對典型性格和精神風貌的刻畫更有獨到之處。提香的肖像畫也滲透生氣洋溢的風格﹐在《蒼神》形像的塑造上﹐更能將模特原型的寫生(《蒼神》與《田野合奏》﹑《神聖與世俗之愛》的女性可能都取自同一原型)與理想加工結合起來﹐集健康美質和聰慧崇高於一身﹐並強調豐滿熱情的女性美﹐奠定了提香日後一系列女性典型的風格特徵。
中期創作 提香的中期創作階段包括1520～1555年。一般都認為提香個人風格形成以後﹐終生變化不大﹐這可能與他的生活境遇以及威尼斯的政治形勢都比較穩定有關﹐但各期創作仍有其特色﹐而中期的特色則是益趨平穩莊重﹐增加了雍容華貴之感﹐他的藝術主顧也從威尼斯的上層市民擴及於西歐各國的帝王宮廷。這時期的代表作有﹕《佩薩羅聖母》(1519～1526)﹑《聖母參拜神廟》(1534～1538)﹑《烏爾比諾的維納斯》(1538)﹑《查理五世騎馬像》(1548)等。
《佩薩羅聖母》同放置於弗拉里教堂的《聖母昇天》祭壇畫﹐都是應威尼斯豪門佩薩羅家族之請而作。它的尺寸比《聖母昇天》略小﹐構圖上卻有新創﹐把聖母和嬰孩耶穌的形像置於右上部﹐背景是宏偉的古典式柱廊﹐柱子極其高大﹐畫幅僅見其下部﹐柱前有天使從雲端降下之景﹐益增場面之宏偉。佩薩羅家族大小成員環跪於聖母高踞的台階之下﹐聖母身旁則有聖彼得及聖弗蘭奇斯﹐人物多而不雜﹐面貌細部以及服飾旗幟都不無刻畫入微﹐色調富於質感﹐佩家的一個小孩尤其畫得精彩。這幅聖母像表明提香在構圖寫實上也有極高的造詣﹐非僅以色彩取勝。《聖母參拜神廟》則是類似壁畫但實際上作於布面的巨幅作品(3.47×7.77米)﹐表現瑪麗亞年幼時參拜神廟備受祭師愛戴的故事﹐人物眾多的場面安排得有條不紊。左為廟前的群眾﹐右為站在高台階上的祭師﹐幼年聖母則正走在台階中段﹐全畫具有隆重盛大的紀念性氣氛﹐同時又是非常真實的日常生活情景的寫照﹐群眾人物的個性﹑姿態﹑衣冠和背景建築物的描寫令人有置身於威尼斯教堂之前的實感。此畫構圖穩定﹑情調莊重﹐充分代表了提香中期作品的特色。
《烏爾比諾的維納斯》是應烏爾比諾公爵之請而作﹐雖借維納斯女神之名﹐實際上是表現日常生活環境中的一位美麗的裸體女性。維納斯取躺臥姿態﹐與喬爾喬涅的《睡著的維納斯》相仿﹐但背景完全不是牧歌式的田園風光﹐而是一間貴族的居室。女主人似乎浴後休憩﹐臥榻旁有小犬相伴﹐內室還有女僕備衣侍候。這種家庭情趣固有助於加強親近溫存之感﹐但也具有較濃厚的迎合上層階級口味的傾向。在維納斯形像的塑造上﹐提香充分發揮了他的健美風格的特色﹐著意於刻畫理想的健康完美的女性﹐既神采奕奕﹐又楚楚動人﹐成為裸體女像中難以企及的典型。提香此後還創作了不少以類似維納斯的女性形像為中心的﹑古典神話題材的作品﹐例如《維納斯與琵琶演奏者》(約1560)以及表現達那厄和宙斯的愛情故事的幾幅名畫等。提香還以其健美風格改造了宗教畫中的女性形像﹐除了使聖母也體現他的理想而外﹐還重新塑造了一些女聖徒的典型﹐其中最著名的就是馬格達林。按基督教傳說﹐馬格達林為一改邪歸正的妓女﹐被教會樹為懺悔得救的楷模。但提香筆下的懺悔的馬格達林卻以其健美的體態和深沉的精神境界令人感動﹐被當代人譽為最美的圖畫。這類宗教畫對日後的巴洛克美術有很深的影響。
在提香的中期創作中﹐肖像畫佔了很重要的地位。此時他已成為義大利以至整個歐洲藝壇最負盛名的肖像畫家﹐因為達‧芬奇﹐L.﹑拉斐爾早已去世﹐米開朗琪羅則不重此道﹐於是各國各地王公顯貴皆以得到提香畫像為榮。他的肖像作品相當豐富﹐從皇帝﹑教皇以至名門仕女皆得傳其性格容貌。對統治者的內心世界揭露尤為深刻。除了傳統的半身像﹐他還善於製作全身像和多人物的群像﹐從典型環境中展示典型性格。《查理五世騎馬像》是他最著名的肖像作品之一﹐表現皇帝在米爾貝格戰役前縱馬出林之狀。人馬頗具英姿﹐在面部刻畫和動作姿態上充分表現了這個著名政治人物的複雜性格﹐集狡詐﹑頑強和殘忍﹑偽善於一身﹐背景的拂曉山林的描繪則起著強烈烘托作用。
晚期創作 從1555年至逝世﹐為提香的晚期創作階段﹐其特點是油畫技法掌握更為嫻熟﹐筆觸奔放﹐用色之妙達於極致。威尼斯畫派原來就以色彩見長﹐這一特色經貝利尼經喬爾喬涅而在提香手下發展到極點﹐終於完全擺脫了文藝復興美術的主流──佛羅倫薩畫派的著重線描的傳統。提香的早期與中期創作在用色方面已很傑出﹐但形體猶輪廓鮮明﹐近看遠睹皆宜﹔晚期創作則用寬大粗放的筆觸和成堆的顏料繪成﹐只能遠看才能領會其完美。這個變化在16世紀時已被畫界注目﹐但真能瞭解其意義的藝術家卻不多。實際上它標誌著真正的西方近代油畫的完成﹐並從技法的突破影響到藝術造型從物象理解為主轉變到憑靠光色構成的視覺印象。因此它不僅是17～18世紀西方繪畫的一個主要源頭﹐而且影響了日後的浪漫主義和印象主義畫派。這類晚期創作的代表可舉《歐羅巴的劫奪》(約1559～1562)和《基督戴荊冠》(1570～1576)。前者表現希臘神話中的女郎歐羅巴被宙斯變成的白牛渡海劫走的故事﹐後者則描繪基督受刑前被人戲弄的情景。《歐羅巴的劫奪》在極力刻畫少女遭劫的驚愕激動氣氛之外﹐配以碧海白浪和霧色迷茫的群山﹐煙雲水氣與霞光夕照交織﹐達到了彩色繽紛﹑光影閃爍的迷人效果。《基督戴荊冠》則著重烘托悲劇性的氣氛﹐從暗黑僅見火光杖影的環境閃現出幾個人物﹐除光與色的對比外﹐細部描畫皆趨模糊﹐但整體效果異常突出。
提香長期的藝術生涯和豐富的創作實踐也為16世紀威尼斯畫派的發展提供了最有力的推動﹐幾乎所有威尼斯畫家都直接或間接受到提香的教導與影響。到16世紀後期﹐佛羅倫薩和羅馬的文藝復興藝術已趨衰微﹐而威尼斯畫派仍繼續繁榮﹐其中就包含著提香藝術的功勣。
參考書目
朱龍華﹕《提香》﹐上海人民美術出版社﹐1959。

轉自
http://0rz.tw/bc38T


藝術家簡介

委拉斯蓋茲(D de Silva y Velazquez) 1599-1660

委拉斯蓋茲是西班牙最偉大的巴洛克藝術家。他和艾爾格雷考(El Greco)、戈耶(Fransisco de Goya)合稱為西班牙三大畫家。

早期委拉斯蓋茲的作品顯露了他對自然主義畫法的偏好，所畫的宗教畫，影像簡單而虔誠。 1623年，委拉斯蓋茲第一次接受委託為國王菲力普四世(PhilipIV)畫肖像。從此，委拉斯蓋茲開始了他的宮廷生涯。

1629年，委拉斯蓋茲花了大概兩年的時間遊歷了義大利。這一次的義大利之旅給他的影響使他之後的繪畫合併了米開朗基羅繪畫中如雕塑般的風格及義大利文藝復興後期的明暗對照法(chiaroscuro)。 委拉斯蓋茲在他生命的最後二十年，成就達到了巔峰。在他去世前四年，委拉斯蓋茲獨自完成了"宮女"(Las Meninas)一畫，此畫也是他登峰造極之作。

綜觀委拉斯蓋茲的一生，他對國王的忠心，反應在他的畫作上。委拉斯蓋茲所畫的皇室肖像莊嚴而高雅，完全符合他的職位。但他對人性的透視能力是他人不及的，他總是將人最深沈，最可敬的一面表現出來，不管是貴族、平民、軍隊、教宗、或是宮中的侏儒。委拉斯蓋茲不只影響了之後的畫家戈耶，進而對二十世紀的寫實畫派、印象派都有深遠的影響。